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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders can be associated with ADHD. Anxiety can cause restlessness, sleep disturbance and irritability. Stimulant medication can help ease these symptoms However, they can cause adverse effects, such as small growth reductions and tics in children and adolescents. Many people also experience their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are a class of drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the condition known as narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They can be found in capsules, tablets, chunky clear crystals or a brown or white powder. In large doses, they can cause excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety and panic, stomach cramps, paranoia and aggression. Long-term use of stimulants can also lead to addiction and serious side effects like heart problems high blood pressure, heart problems and stroke. The drugs typically prescribed to treat ADHD are also proven to have a track record for alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. They work by increasing brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This increases activity and communication between parts of the brain that regulate executive and attention. This leads to improved impulse control and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Improvement in anxiety symptoms was observed from the fourth week of treatment for both drugs and the effect was sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to remember that the type medication that will be most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which disorder is more detrimental to a person’s quality of living. A person may experience a variety of small-scale crises that cause anxiety on a regular schedule as they try to meet appointments or finish assignments at school or at work. These can be distressing and cause anxiety more often than the symptoms of panic attacks or fear. In these instances, antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best option to combat anxiety-related symptoms. They have been proven effective in the reduction of anxiety levels among adults. They are taken orally and may take some time to take effect. The most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs), such as Sertraline Serotonin, Fluoxetine and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitions (SNRIs), such as venlafaxine, and duloxetine. These drugs can be used together with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety. They are particularly useful when a patient is suffering from a racing or elevated heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, such as SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are commonly used to treat anxiety-related disorders. The first drug in this category is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also aid in treating depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These drugs are a bit more flexible than previous versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they are less likely to cause serious adverse effects. The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin from synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse, and to signal the post-synaptic cells more often than it would normally. This can boost the output of norepinephrine, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. It can also lead to an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein synthesis. In addition, the SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and decrease hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in people suffering from ADHD. However, these drugs may increase the risk of suicidal ideas and actions in some people. They can also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, particularly when they are first introduced. Another kind of antidepressant, known as SNRIs, performs differently than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Like medication for adhd , they can influence anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of heart muscle and the blood vessels, which may reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. They can also boost the mood of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. Duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine, (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most popular SNRIs. The SNRIs may raise blood pressure in certain individuals, so they are not recommended for those suffering from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed alongside medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety. Some people have found tapping certain points on the body, also known as Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help reduce the cortisol hormone that causes anxiety. Diet and exercise can also help reduce anxiety. Your doctor may recommend that you eat whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and avoid sugar as it can increase anxiety for some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medicines Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched, they may not be the best option for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. Stimulant medication can cause adverse effects like anxiety and jitteriness. These symptoms can be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines are being used to treat ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not raise heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related side effects like sweating, shaking, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for norepinephrine, a chemical in the brain. It can aid in improving attention and reduce impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. Studies have also demonstrated that it can help improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. adhd and medication gathered clinical papers from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine if atomoxetine reduced anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is a different medication that can help with anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is often recommended for those suffering from coexisting depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and lessen symptoms of anxiety. It is generally recommended to address the anxiety first before treating ADHD. This can usually reduce the anxiety symptoms. It is common for kids with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few instances, the anxiety is caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective approach to treat anxiety in these situations is usually cognitive-behavioral therapies and psychostimulants. These treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the problem. Antidepressants are also often prescribed for those with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which attack serotonin in the brain, can help to relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately determine which medication is most suitable for you. Before recommending a medication they will look at your symptoms, lifestyle and age, in addition to other health issues. It is essential to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and stick to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other treatment options could be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques) tapping sleep and nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, making it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, then non-stimulant medication like bupropion or atomoxetine to treat anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled drugs like stimulants.